Build Your Own Linux

기존 배포판을 참조해서 새로운 배포판을 만드는 방법은 잘 알려져 있습니다. 이런 방법의 한계점 중 하나는 기존 배포판에서 환경을 참조하기 때문에 결과도 거의 비슷한 환경을 제공하는 것입니다.

하지만, 기존에 참조할 만한 배포판이 없을 경우에는 처음부터 환경을 구축해야 합니다. 이 방법 중 하나가 Linux From Scratch입니다.

여기서는 LFS에 따라 새로운 배포판을 만드는 과정을 기록해 두려고 합니다. 이 과정은 QEMU/KVM에서 진행할 것이기 때문에, 실제와 다를 수 있습니다.

Why?

이 과정은 진행하기에 크게 어렵지는 않습니다. 운영 시스템의 지식이 조금 있는 사람들은 매뉴얼에서 제공하는 순서에 따라 단지 컴파일을 하면 됩니다. 아무런 지식이 없을 경우에 부팅하는데 상당한 시간을 소모할 수 있습니다!!

그러나, 그게 끝입니다!!

다른 목적없이 단지 데스크탑 리눅스를 사용할 목적으로 이런 과정을 진행하는 것은 매우 피곤한 일이고, 이 문서에서 나아가서 더 많은 과정을 거쳐야 다른 보통의 리눅스에서 처럼 데스트탑을 사용할 수 있을 것입니다.

따라서, 학문적으로 또는 사업적으로 등의 목적없이 이 과정을 진행하는 것은 결과적으로 아무런 이득이 없을 수 있기 때문에 바람직해 보이지는 않습니다.

일반 사용자의 입장에서는 단지 시간이 남아서 새로운 재미 거리를 찾을 때 도전해 볼 수는 있습니다.

When working on

아마도 이 모든 작업을 한꺼번에 할 수 없어서, 특정 부분에서 계속할 수도 있습니다. 다음 과정을 확인하십시오.

Mount

sudo su
export LFS=/mnt/lfs
echo $LFS
sudo mount -v -t ext4 /dev/vdb2 $LFS
ls $LFS
sudo swapon -v /dev/vdb3
free

Chroot

mount -v --bind /dev $LFS/dev
mount -v --bind /dev/pts $LFS/dev/pts
mount -vt proc proc $LFS/proc
mount -vt sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys
mount -vt tmpfs tmpfs $LFS/run

if [ -h $LFS/dev/shm ]; then
  mkdir -pv $LFS/$(readlink $LFS/dev/shm)
fi

chroot "$LFS" /usr/bin/env -i   \
   HOME=/root                  \
   TERM="$TERM"                \
   PS1='(lfs chroot) \u:\w\$ ' \
   PATH=/usr/bin:/usr/sbin     \
   /bin/bash --login

Prerequisites: Build System Specifications

이미 QEMU/KVM 아래에 설치된 데비안 11에서 이 과정을 진행할 것입니다. 먼저, 설치할 디스크를 만듭니다.

Virtual Machine Manager에서 데비안을 엽니다.
View->Details를 누르고,
왼쪽 맨 아래의 Add Hardware를 누릅니다.
Storage에서 기본값으로 Finish를 누릅니다.

왼쪽에 VirtIO Disk 2가 만들어졌으면, 정상적으로 수행된 것입니다.

이제 데비안으로 부팅합니다.

빌드에 필요한 패키지를 설치합니다:

sudo apt install build-essential
sudo apt install texinfo

다음 패키지와 그것을 최소 버전이 설치되어 있고 맞는지 확인하십시오:

bash-3.2, binutils-2.13.1, bison-2.7, coreutils-6.9, diffutils-2.8.1, findutils-4.2.31, gawk-4.0.1, gcc-4.8, grep-2.5.1a, gzip-1.3.12, Linux kernel-3.2, m4-1.4.10, make-4.0, patch-2.5.4, perl-5.8.8, python-3.4, sed-4.1.5, tar-1.22, texinfo-4.7, xz-5.0.0

Destination disk

새로 만들어진 vdb 디스크를 다음과 같이 파티션하고 파일시스템을 만듭니다.

sudo parted --script /dev/vdb mklabel gpt mkpart primary 1MiB 100MiB mkpart primary 100MiB 19.3GB mkpart primary 19.3GB 100%
sudo parted --script /dev/vdb set 1 bios_grub on
sudo mkfs.vfat /dev/vdb1
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb2
sudo mkswap /dev/vdb3

Mount Point

export LFS=/mnt/lfs
echo $LFS
sudo mkdir -v $LFS
sudo mount -v -t ext4 /dev/vdb2 $LFS
sudo swapon -v /dev/vdb3

Packages and Patches

sudo mkdir -v $LFS/sources
sudo chmod -v a+wt $LFS/sources
wget https://www.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/view/stable-systemd/wget-list
wget --input-file=wget-list --continue --directory-prefix=$LFS/sources

pushd $LFS/sources
wget https://www.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/view/stable-systemd/md5sums
md5sum -c md5sums
popd

이때, 다운로드가 되지 않은 파일이 표시될 수 있습니다. 수동으로 해당 파일을 받아서 이 디렉토리로 옮겨야 합니다.

Final Preparations

sudo mkdir -pv $LFS/{etc,var} $LFS/usr/{bin,lib,sbin}

명령어에 권한을 주는 것이 귀찮아서

sudo su
export LFS=/mnt/lfs

for i in bin lib sbin; do
ln -sv usr/$i $LFS/$i
done

case $(uname -m) in
x86_64) mkdir -pv $LFS/lib64 ;;
esac

mkdir -pv $LFS/tools

Adding the LFS User

groupadd lfs
useradd -s /bin/bash -g lfs -m -k /dev/null lfs
passwd lfs
chown -v lfs $LFS/{usr{,/*},lib,var,etc,bin,sbin,tools}

case $(uname -m) in
  x86_64) chown -v lfs $LFS/lib64 ;;
esac

chown -v lfs $LFS/sources
su - lfs

Setting Up the Environment

cat > ~/.bash_profile << "EOF"
exec env -i HOME=$HOME TERM=$TERM PS1='\u:\w\$ ' /bin/bash
EOF

cat > ~/.bashrc << "EOF"
set +h
umask 022
LFS=/mnt/lfs
LC_ALL=POSIX
LFS_TGT=$(uname -m)-lfs-linux-gnu
PATH=/usr/bin
if [ ! -L /bin ]; then PATH=/bin:$PATH; fi
PATH=$LFS/tools/bin:$PATH
CONFIG_SITE=$LFS/usr/share/config.site
export LFS LC_ALL LFS_TGT PATH CONFIG_SITE
EOF

다른 터미널을 열어서

sudo su
[ ! -e /etc/bash.bashrc ] || mv -v /etc/bash.bashrc /etc/bash.bashrc.NOUSE

작업 터미널로 돌아옵니다.

source ~/.bash_profile

About SBUs

export MAKEFLAGS='-j4'

숫자 4는 스레드의 개수를 적어줍니다.

Compiling a Cross-Toolchain

General Compilation Instructions

echo $LFS

/mnt/lfs

다음을 참고해야 하지만, 현대 리눅스 배포판은 문제되는 것이 없을 것입니다.

bash is the shell in use.
sh is a symbolic link to bash.
/usr/bin/awk is a symbolic link to gawk.
/usr/bin/yacc is a symbolic link to bison or a small script that executes bison.

컴파일에서 다음 사항을 유의해야 합니다:

소스 디렉토리 /mnt/lft/sources/로 이동합니다.
각 패키지를 tar로 푸는데, 이 후에 따르는 과정을 위해 사용자가 ufs여야 합니다.
해당 디렉토리로 이동해서 각 프로그램에서 지시한 데로 컴파일을 진행하십시오.
소스 디렉토리로 다시 이동합니다.
풀었던 각 패키지 디렉토리를, 달리 지침에서 언급하지 않는 한, 제거합니다.

Binutils-2.38 - Pass 1

cd /mnt/lfs/sources/
tar xvf binutils-2.38.tar.gz
cd binutils-2.38
patch -p1 < ../binutils-2.38-lto_fix-1.patch
mkdir -p build
cd build
../configure --prefix=$LFS/tools --with-sysroot=$LFS --target=$LFS_TGT --disable-nls --disable-werro
make
make install
cd ../..
rm -rf binutils-2.38

GCC-11.2.0 - Pass 1

tar xvf gcc-11.2.0.tar.gz
cd gcc-11.2.0
tar -xf ../mpfr-4.1.0.tar.xz
mv -v mpfr-4.1.0 mpfr
tar -xf ../gmp-6.2.1.tar.xz
mv -v gmp-6.2.1 gmp
tar -xf ../mpc-1.2.1.tar.gz
mv -v mpc-1.2.1 mpc

case $(uname -m) in
x86_64)
   sed -e '/m64=/s/lib64/lib/' \
       -i.orig gcc/config/i386/t-linux64
;;
esac

mkdir -v build
cd build

../configure                \
  --target=$LFS_TGT         \
  --prefix=$LFS/tools       \
  --with-glibc-version=2.35 \
  --with-sysroot=$LFS       \
  --with-newlib             \
  --without-headers         \
  --enable-initfini-array   \
  --disable-nls             \
  --disable-shared          \
  --disable-multilib        \
  --disable-decimal-float   \
  --disable-threads         \
  --disable-libatomic       \
  --disable-libgomp         \
  --disable-libquadmath     \
  --disable-libssp          \
  --disable-libvtv          \
  --disable-libstdcxx       \
  --enable-languages=c,c++

make
make install
cd ..

cat gcc/limitx.h gcc/glimits.h gcc/limity.h > \
 `dirname $($LFS_TGT-gcc -print-libgcc-file-name)`/install-tools/include/limits.h

rm -rf build
cd ..

gcc는 아래의 libstdc++ 컴파일에 사용되기 때문에 지우지 않습니다.

Linux-5.16.9 API Headers

tar xvf linux-5.16.9.tar.gz
cd linux-5.16.9
make mrproper
make headers
find usr/include -name '.*' -delete
rm usr/include/Makefile
cp -rv usr/include $LFS/usr
cd ..
rm -rf linux-5.16.9

Glibc-2.35

case $(uname -m) in
   i?86)   ln -sfv ld-linux.so.2 $LFS/lib/ld-lsb.so.3
   ;;
   x86_64) ln -sfv ../lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 $LFS/lib64
           ln -sfv ../lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 $LFS/lib64/ld-lsb-x86-64.so.3
   ;;
esac

tar xvf glibc-2.35.tar.gz
cd glibc-2.35
patch -Np1 -i ../glibc-2.35-fhs-1.patch
mkdir -p build
cd build
echo "rootsbindir=/usr/sbin" > configparms

../configure                           \
     --prefix=/usr                      \
     --host=$LFS_TGT                    \
     --build=$(../scripts/config.guess) \
     --enable-kernel=3.2                \
     --with-headers=$LFS/usr/include    \
     libc_cv_slibdir=/usr/lib

make
make DESTDIR=$LFS install
sed '/RTLDLIST=/s@/usr@@g' -i $LFS/usr/bin/ldd
cd ../..
rm -rf glibc-2.35

이제, 지금까지 작업이 잘 되었는지 확인할 필요가 있습니다.

echo 'int main(){}' > dummy.c
$LFS_TGT-gcc dummy.c
readelf -l a.out | grep '/ld-linux'

[Requesting program interpreter: /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2]어떤 오류가 발생하지 않아야 하고, 마지막에 위와 같이 출력이 나오면 잘 컴파일된 것입니다.

rm -v dummy.c a.out

$LFS/tools/libexec/gcc/$LFS_TGT/11.2.0/install-tools/mkheaders

Libstdc++ from GCC-11.2.0, Pass 1

cd gcc-11.2.0
mkdir -v build
cd build

../libstdc++-v3/configure         \
   --host=$LFS_TGT                 \
   --build=$(../config.guess)      \
   --prefix=/usr                   \
   --disable-multilib              \
   --disable-nls                   \
   --disable-libstdcxx-pch         \
   --with-gxx-include-dir=/tools/$LFS_TGT/include/c++/11.2.0

make
make DESTDIR=$LFS install
cd ../..
rm -rf gcc-11.2.0

Cross Compiling Temporary Tools

M4-1.4.19

tar xvf m4-1.4.19.tar.gz
cd m4-1.4.19

./configure --prefix=/usr   \
             --host=$LFS_TGT \
             --build=$(build-aux/config.guess)

make
make DESTDIR=$LFS install
cd ..
rm -rf m4-1.4.19

Ncurses-6.3

tar xvf ncurses-6.3.tar.gz
cd ncurses-6.3
sed -i s/mawk// configure
mkdir build

pushd build
 ../configure
 make -C include
 make -C progs tic
popd

./configure --prefix=/usr              \
           --host=$LFS_TGT              \
           --build=$(./config.guess)    \
           --mandir=/usr/share/man      \
           --with-manpage-format=normal \
           --with-shared                \
           --without-debug              \
           --without-ada                \
           --without-normal             \
           --disable-stripping          \
           --enable-widec

make
make DESTDIR=$LFS TIC_PATH=$(pwd)/build/progs/tic install
echo "INPUT(-lncursesw)" > $LFS/usr/lib/libncurses.so
cd ..
rm -rf ncurses-6.3

Bash-5.1.16

tar xvf bash-5.1.16.tar.gz
cd bash-5.1.16

./configure --prefix=/usr                 \
           --build=$(support/config.guess) \
           --host=$LFS_TGT                 \
           --without-bash-malloc

make
make DESTDIR=$LFS install
ln -sv bash $LFS/bin/sh
cd ..
rm -rf bash-5.1.16

Coreutils-9.0

tar xvf coreutils-9.0.tar.gz
cd coreutils-9.0
patch -p1 -i ../coreutils-9.0-chmod_fix-1.patch
patch -p1 -i ../coreutils-9.0-i18n-1.patch

./configure --prefix=/usr                   \
           --host=$LFS_TGT                   \
           --build=$(build-aux/config.guess) \
           --enable-install-program=hostname \
           --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime

make
make DESTDIR=$LFS install
mv -v $LFS/usr/bin/chroot $LFS/usr/sbin
mkdir -pv $LFS/usr/share/man/man8
mv -v $LFS/usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 $LFS/usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
sed -i 's/"1"/"8"/' $LFS/usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
cd ..
rm -rf coreutils-9.0

Diffutils-3.8

tar xvf diffutils-3.8.tar.gz
cd diffutils-3.8
./configure --prefix=/usr --host=$LFS_TGT
make
make DESTDIR=$LFS install
cd ..
rm -rf diffutils-3.8

File-5.41

tar xvf file-5.41.tar.gz
cd file-5.41
mkdir build

pushd build
 ../configure --disable-bzlib      \
             --disable-libseccomp \
             --disable-xzlib      \
             --disable-zlib
 make
popd

./configure --prefix=/usr --host=$LFS_TGT --build=$(./config.guess)
make FILE_COMPILE=$(pwd)/build/src/file
make DESTDIR=$LFS install
cd ..
rm -rf file-5.41

Findutils-4.9.0

tar xvf findutils-4.9.0.tar.gz
cd findutils-4.9.0

./configure --prefix=/usr                   \
           --localstatedir=/var/lib/locate \
           --host=$LFS_TGT                 \
           --build=$(build-aux/config.guess)

make
make DESTDIR=$LFS install
cd ..
rm -rf findutils-4.9.0

Gawk-5.1.1

tar xvf gawk-5.1.1.tar.gz
cd gawk-5.1.1
sed -i 's/extras//' Makefile.in

./configure --prefix=/usr   \
           --host=$LFS_TGT \
           --build=$(build-aux/config.guess)

make
make DESTDIR=$LFS install
cd ..
rm -rf gawk-5.1.1

Grep-3.7

tar xvf grep-3.7.tar.gz
cd grep-3.7
./configure --prefix=/usr --host=$LFS_TGT
make
make DESTDIR=$LFS install
cd ..
rm -rf grep-3.7

Gzip-1.11

tar xvf gzip-1.11.tar.gz
cd gzip-1.11
./configure --prefix=/usr --host=$LFS_TGT
make
make DESTDIR=$LFS install
cd ..
rm -rf gzip-1.11

Make-4.3

tar xvf make-4.3.tar.gz
cd make-4.3

./configure --prefix=/usr   \
           --without-guile \
           --host=$LFS_TGT \
           --build=$(build-aux/config.guess)

make
make DESTDIR=$LFS install
cd ..
rm -rf make-4.3

Patch-2.7.6

tar xvf patch-2.7.6.tar.gz
cd patch-2.7.6

./configure --prefix=/usr   \
           --host=$LFS_TGT \
           --build=$(build-aux/config.guess)

make
make DESTDIR=$LFS install
cd ..
rm -rf patch-2.7.6

Sed-4.8

tar xvf sed-4.8.tar.gz
cd sed-4.8
./configure --prefix=/usr --host=$LFS_TGT
make
make DESTDIR=$LFS install
cd ..
rm -rf sed-4.8

Tar-1.34

tar xvf tar-1.34.tar.gz
cd tar-1.34

./configure --prefix=/usr                     \
           --host=$LFS_TGT                   \
           --build=$(build-aux/config.guess)

make
make DESTDIR=$LFS install
cd ..
rm -rf tar-1.34

Xz-5.2.5

tar xvf xz-5.2.5.tar.gz
cd xz-5.2.5

./configure --prefix=/usr                     \
           --host=$LFS_TGT                   \
           --build=$(build-aux/config.guess) \
           --disable-static                  \
           --docdir=/usr/share/doc/xz-5.2.5

make
make DESTDIR=$LFS install
cd ..
rm -rf xz-5.2.5

Binutils-2.38 - Pass 2

tar xvf binutils-2.38.tar.gz
cd binutils-2.38
patch -p1 -i ../binutils-2.38-lto_fix-1.patch
sed '6009s/$add_dir//' -i ltmain.sh
mkdir -v build
cd build

../configure                   \
   --prefix=/usr              \
   --build=$(../config.guess) \
   --host=$LFS_TGT            \
   --disable-nls              \
   --enable-shared            \
   --disable-werror           \
   --enable-64-bit-bfd

make
make DESTDIR=$LFS install
cd ../..
rm -rf binutils-2.38

GCC-11.2.0 - Pass 2

tar xvf gcc-11.2.0.tar.gz
cd gcc-11.2.0
tar -xf ../mpfr-4.1.0.tar.xz
mv -v mpfr-4.1.0 mpfr
tar -xf ../gmp-6.2.1.tar.xz
mv -v gmp-6.2.1 gmp
tar -xf ../mpc-1.2.1.tar.gz
mv -v mpc-1.2.1 mpc

case $(uname -m) in
  x86_64)
    sed -e '/m64=/s/lib64/lib/' -i.orig gcc/config/i386/t-linux64
  ;;
esac

mkdir -v build
cd build
mkdir -pv $LFS_TGT/libgcc
ln -s ../../../libgcc/gthr-posix.h $LFS_TGT/libgcc/gthr-default.h

../configure                                       \
   --build=$(../config.guess)                     \
   --host=$LFS_TGT                                \
   --prefix=/usr                                  \
   CC_FOR_TARGET=$LFS_TGT-gcc                     \
   --with-build-sysroot=$LFS                      \
   --enable-initfini-array                        \
   --disable-nls                                  \
   --disable-multilib                             \
   --disable-decimal-float                        \
   --disable-libatomic                            \
   --disable-libgomp                              \
   --disable-libquadmath                          \
   --disable-libssp                               \
   --disable-libvtv                               \
   --disable-libstdcxx                            \
   --enable-languages=c,c++

make
make DESTDIR=$LFS install
ln -sv gcc $LFS/usr/bin/cc
cd ../..
rm -rf gcc-11.2.0

Entering Chroot and Building Additional Temporary Tools

Changing Ownership

exit

아마도 이전의 sudo su로 root 권한을 갖고 있을 것입니다:

chown -R root:root $LFS/{usr,lib,var,etc,bin,sbin,tools}

case $(uname -m) in
 x86_64) chown -R root:root $LFS/lib64 ;;
esac

Preparing Virtual Kernel File Systems

mkdir -pv $LFS/{dev,proc,sys,run}
mknod -m 600 $LFS/dev/console c 5 1
mknod -m 666 $LFS/dev/null c 1 3
mount -v --bind /dev $LFS/dev
mount -v --bind /dev/pts $LFS/dev/pts
mount -vt proc proc $LFS/proc
mount -vt sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys
mount -vt tmpfs tmpfs $LFS/run

if [ -h $LFS/dev/shm ]; then
  mkdir -pv $LFS/$(readlink $LFS/dev/shm)
fi

Entering the Chroot Environment

chroot "$LFS" /usr/bin/env -i   \
   HOME=/root                  \
   TERM="$TERM"                \
   PS1='(lfs chroot) \u:\w\$ ' \
   PATH=/usr/bin:/usr/sbin     \
   /bin/bash --login

Creating Directories

mkdir -pv /{boot,home,mnt,opt,srv}
mkdir -pv /etc/{opt,sysconfig}
mkdir -pv /lib/firmware
mkdir -pv /media/{floppy,cdrom}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}{include,src}
mkdir -pv /usr/local/{bin,lib,sbin}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{color,dict,doc,info,locale,man}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1..8}
mkdir -pv /var/{cache,local,log,mail,opt,spool}
mkdir -pv /var/lib/{color,misc,locate}
ln -sfv /run /var/run
ln -sfv /run/lock /var/lock
install -dv -m 0750 /root
install -dv -m 1777 /tmp /var/tmp

Creating Essential Files and Symlinks

ln -sv /proc/self/mounts /etc/mtab

cat > /etc/hosts << EOF
127.0.0.1  localhost $(hostname)
::1        localhost
EOF

cat > /etc/passwd << "EOF"
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/dev/null:/usr/bin/false
daemon:x:6:6:Daemon User:/dev/null:/usr/bin/false
messagebus:x:18:18:D-Bus Message Daemon User:/run/dbus:/usr/bin/false
systemd-journal-gateway:x:73:73:systemd Journal Gateway:/:/usr/bin/false
systemd-journal-remote:x:74:74:systemd Journal Remote:/:/usr/bin/false
systemd-journal-upload:x:75:75:systemd Journal Upload:/:/usr/bin/false
systemd-network:x:76:76:systemd Network Management:/:/usr/bin/false
systemd-resolve:x:77:77:systemd Resolver:/:/usr/bin/false
systemd-timesync:x:78:78:systemd Time Synchronization:/:/usr/bin/false
systemd-coredump:x:79:79:systemd Core Dumper:/:/usr/bin/false
uuidd:x:80:80:UUID Generation Daemon User:/dev/null:/usr/bin/false
systemd-oom:x:81:81:systemd Out Of Memory Daemon:/:/usr/bin/false
nobody:x:99:99:Unprivileged User:/dev/null:/usr/bin/false
EOF

cat > /etc/group << "EOF"
root:x:0:
bin:x:1:daemon
sys:x:2:
kmem:x:3:
tape:x:4:
tty:x:5:
daemon:x:6:
floppy:x:7:
disk:x:8:
lp:x:9:
dialout:x:10:
audio:x:11:
video:x:12:
utmp:x:13:
usb:x:14:
cdrom:x:15:
adm:x:16:
messagebus:x:18:
systemd-journal:x:23:
input:x:24:
mail:x:34:
kvm:x:61:
systemd-journal-gateway:x:73:
systemd-journal-remote:x:74:
systemd-journal-upload:x:75:
systemd-network:x:76:
systemd-resolve:x:77:
systemd-timesync:x:78:
systemd-coredump:x:79:
uuidd:x:80:
systemd-oom:x:81:
wheel:x:97:
nogroup:x:99:
users:x:999:
EOF

echo "tester:x:101:101::/home/tester:/bin/bash" >> /etc/passwd
echo "tester:x:101:" >> /etc/group
install -o tester -d /home/tester
exec /usr/bin/bash --login
touch /var/log/{btmp,lastlog,faillog,wtmp}
chgrp -v utmp /var/log/lastlog
chmod -v 664 /var/log/lastlog
chmod -v 600 /var/log/btmp

Libstdc++ from GCC-11.2.0, Pass 2

cd sources
tar xvf gcc-11.2.0.tar.gz
cd gcc-11.2.0
ln -s gthr-posix.h libgcc/gthr-default.h
mkdir -v build
cd build

../libstdc++-v3/configure            \
    CXXFLAGS="-g -O2 -D_GNU_SOURCE"  \
    --prefix=/usr                    \
    --disable-multilib               \
    --disable-nls                    \
    --host=$(uname -m)-lfs-linux-gnu \
    --disable-libstdcxx-pch

make
make install
cd ../..
rm -rf gcc-11.2.0

Gettext-0.21

tar xvf gettext-0.21.tar.gz
cd gettext-0.21
./configure --disable-shared
make
cp -v gettext-tools/src/{msgfmt,msgmerge,xgettext} /usr/bin
cd ..
rm -rf gettext-0.21

Bison-3.8.2

tar xvf bison-3.8.2.tar.gz
cd bison-3.8.2
./configure --prefix=/usr --docdir=/usr/share/doc/bison-3.8.2
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf bison-3.8.2

Perl-5.34.0

tar xvf perl-5.34.0.tar.gz
cd perl-5.34.0
patch -p1 -i ../perl-5.34.0-upstream_fixes-1.patch

sh Configure -des                                        \
             -Dprefix=/usr                               \
             -Dvendorprefix=/usr                         \
             -Dprivlib=/usr/lib/perl5/5.34/core_perl     \
             -Darchlib=/usr/lib/perl5/5.34/core_perl     \
             -Dsitelib=/usr/lib/perl5/5.34/site_perl     \
             -Dsitearch=/usr/lib/perl5/5.34/site_perl    \
             -Dvendorlib=/usr/lib/perl5/5.34/vendor_perl \
             -Dvendorarch=/usr/lib/perl5/5.34/vendor_perl

make
make install
cd ..
rm -rfv perl-5.34.0

Python-3.10.2

tar xvf Python-3.10.2.tar.gz
cd Python-3.10.2
./configure --prefix=/usr --enable-shared --without-ensurepip
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rfv Python-3.10.2

Texinfo-6.8

tar xvf texinfo-6.8.tar.gz
cd texinfo-6.8

sed -e 's/__attribute_nonnull__/__nonnull/' \
    -i gnulib/lib/malloc/dynarray-skeleton.c

./configure --prefix=/usr
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rfv texinfo-6.8

Util-linux-2.37.4

tar xvf util-linux-2.37.4.tar.gz
cd util-linu-2.37.4
mkdir -pv /var/lib/hwclock

./configure ADJTIME_PATH=/var/lib/hwclock/adjtime    \
            --libdir=/usr/lib    \
            --docdir=/usr/share/doc/util-linux-2.37.4 \
            --disable-chfn-chsh  \
            --disable-login      \
            --disable-nologin    \
            --disable-su         \
            --disable-setpriv    \
            --disable-runuser    \
            --disable-pylibmount \
            --disable-static     \
            --without-python     \
            runstatedir=/run

make
make install
cd ..
rm -rfv util-linu-2.37.4

Cleaning up and Saving the Temporary System

rm -rf /usr/share/{info,man,doc}/*
find /usr/{lib,libexec} -name \*.la -delete
rm -rf /tools
exit

BACKUP 아래 명령은 root 권한으로 이루어지기 때문에 주의가 필요합니다. 환경 변수를 반드시 확인하고, 설정되어 있지 않으면, export로 환경 변수를 설정하십시오:

echo $LFS
umount $LFS/dev/pts
umount $LFS/{sys,proc,run,dev}
echo $HOME

/root

cd $LFS
tar -cJpf $HOME/lfs-temp-tools-11.1-systemd.tar.xz .

Restore 필요에 의해, 이후 과정에서 문제가 발생하면, 이 지점으로 돌아와서 복원할 필요가 있습니다. 그럴 때에는 sudo su로 root 권한하고, export로 환경 변수를 설정하고, 모든 환경 변수를 확인한 후에 진행하십시오:

cd $LFS
rm -rf ./*
tar -xpf $HOME/lfs-temp-tools-11.1.tar.xz

백업을 생성하기 위해 또는 복원을 사용하여 빌드를 다시 하기 위해 chroot 환경를 벗어났으면, 가상 환경이 여전히 마운트되어 있는지 반드시 확인하십시오.

findmnt| grep $LFS

만약 마운트되어 있지 않으면, 위의 과정에서 다시 마운트를 하고, 다른 작업을 하기 전에 chroot 환경으로 들어가십시오.

압축하는데 상당한 시간이 걸리며, 840M 정도의 파일이 만들어지지만, sources 디렉토리가 471M 정도가 됩니다.

Installing Basic System Software

mount -v --bind /dev $LFS/dev
mount -v --bind /dev/pts $LFS/dev/pts
mount -vt proc proc $LFS/proc
mount -vt sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys
mount -vt tmpfs tmpfs $LFS/run

if [ -h $LFS/dev/shm ]; then
  mkdir -pv $LFS/$(readlink $LFS/dev/shm)
fi

chroot "$LFS" /usr/bin/env -i   \
   HOME=/root                  \
   TERM="$TERM"                \
   PS1='(lfs chroot) \u:\w\$ ' \
   PATH=/usr/bin:/usr/sbin     \
   /bin/bash --login

Man-pages-5.13

cd sources
tar xvf man-pages-5.13.tar.gz
cd man-pages-5.13
make prefix=/usr install
cd ..
rm -rfv man-pages-5.13

Iana-Etc-20220207

tar xvf iana-etc-20220207.tar.gz
cd iana-etc-20220207
cp services protocols /etc
cd ..
rm -rfv iana-etc-20220207

Glibc-2.35

tar xvf glibc-2.35.tar.gz
cd glibc-2.35
patch -Np1 -i ../glibc-2.35-fhs-1.patch
mkdir -v build
cd build
echo "rootsbindir=/usr/sbin" > configparms

../configure --prefix=/usr                            \
             --disable-werror                         \
             --enable-kernel=3.2                      \
             --enable-stack-protector=strong          \
             --with-headers=/usr/include              \
             libc_cv_slibdir=/usr/lib

make
make check

여기서 일부 false가 발생할 수 있으며, 무시할 수 있는 사항은 원본 문서를 확인하십시오.

Summary of test results:
      2 FAIL
   4994 PASS
    117 UNSUPPORTED
     16 XFAIL
      6 XPASS
make[1]: *** [Makefile:646: tests] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory '/sources/glibc-2.35'
make: *** [Makefile:9: check] Error 2

touch /etc/ld.so.conf
sed '/test-installation/s@$(PERL)@echo not running@' -i ../Makefile
make install
sed '/RTLDLIST=/s@/usr@@g' -i /usr/bin/ldd
cp -v ../nscd/nscd.conf /etc/nscd.conf
mkdir -pv /var/cache/nscd
install -v -Dm644 ../nscd/nscd.tmpfiles /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/nscd.conf
install -v -Dm644 ../nscd/nscd.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/nscd.service
mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale
localedef -i POSIX -f UTF-8 C.UTF-8 2> /dev/null || true
localedef -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US
localedef -i en_US -f UTF-8 en_US.UTF-8
localedef -i ko_KR -f EUC-KR ko_KR
localedef -i ko_KR -f UTF-8 ko_KR.UTF-8

Adding nsswitch.conf

cat > /etc/nsswitch.conf << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf

passwd: files
group: files
shadow: files

hosts: files dns
networks: files

protocols: files
services: files
ethers: files
rpc: files

# End /etc/nsswitch.conf
EOF

Adding time zone data

tar -xf ../../tzdata2021e.tar.gz
ZONEINFO=/usr/share/zoneinfo
mkdir -pv $ZONEINFO/{posix,right}

for tz in etcetera southamerica northamerica europe africa antarctica  \
          asia australasia backward; do
    zic -L /dev/null   -d $ZONEINFO       ${tz}
    zic -L /dev/null   -d $ZONEINFO/posix ${tz}
    zic -L leapseconds -d $ZONEINFO/right ${tz}
done

cp -v zone.tab zone1970.tab iso3166.tab $ZONEINFO
zic -d $ZONEINFO -p Asia/Seoul
unset ZONEINFO
tzselect
ln -sfv /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Seoul /etc/localtime

Configuring the Dynamic Loader

cat > /etc/ld.so.conf << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/ld.so.conf
/usr/local/lib
/opt/lib

EOF

cat >> /etc/ld.so.conf << "EOF"
# Add an include directory
include /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf

EOF

mkdir -pv /etc/ld.so.conf.d
cd ../..
rm -rfv glibc-2.35

Zlib-1.2.11

tar xvf zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz
cd zlib-1.2.11
./configure --prefix=/usr
make
make check
make install
rm -fv /usr/lib/libz.a
cd ..
rm -rfv zlib-1.2.11

Bzip2-1.0.8

tar xvf bzip2-1.0.8.tar.gz
cd bzip2-1.0.8
patch -p1 -i ../bzip2-1.0.8-install_docs-1.patch
sed -i 's@$ln -s -f $$(PREFIX)/bin/@\1@' Makefile
sed -i "s@(PREFIX)/man@(PREFIX)/share/man@g" Makefile
make -f Makefile-libbz2_so
make clean
make
make PREFIX=/usr install
cp -av libbz2.so.* /usr/lib
ln -sv libbz2.so.1.0.8 /usr/lib/libbz2.so
cp -v bzip2-shared /usr/bin/bzip2

for i in /usr/bin/{bzcat,bunzip2}; do
  ln -sfv bzip2 $i
done

rm -fv /usr/lib/libbz2.a
cd ..
rm -rfv bzip2-1.0.8

Xz-5.2.5

tar xvf xz-5.2.5.tar.gz
cd xz-5.2.5
./configure --prefix=/usr --disable-static --docdir=/usr/share/doc/xz-5.2.5
make
make check
make install
cd ..
rm -rfv xz-5.2.5

Zstd-1.5.2

tar xvf zstd-1.5.2.tar.gz
cd zstd-1.5.2
make
make check
make prefix=/usr install
rm -v /usr/lib/libzstd.a
cd ..
rm -rf zstd-1.5.2

File-5.41

tar xvf file-5.41.tar.gz
cd file-5.41
./configure --prefix=/usr
make
make check
make install
cd ..
rm -rfv file-5.41

Readline-8.1.2

tar xvf readline-8.1.2.tar.gz
cd readline-8.1.2
sed -i '/MV.*old/d' Makefile.in
sed -i '/{OLDSUFF}/c:' support/shlib-install

./configure --prefix=/usr    \
            --disable-static \
            --with-curses    \
            --docdir=/usr/share/doc/readline-8.1.2

make SHLIB_LIBS="-lncursesw"
make SHLIB_LIBS="-lncursesw" install
install -v -m644 doc/*.{ps,pdf,html,dvi} /usr/share/doc/readline-8.1.2
cd ..
rm -rfv readline-8.1.2

M4-1.4.19

tar xvf m4-1.4.19.tar.gz
cd m4-1.4.19
./configure --prefix=/usr
make
make check
make install
cd ..
rm -rfv m4-1.4.19

Bc-5.2.2

tar xvf bc-5.2.2.tar.gz
cd bc-5.2.2
CC=gcc ./configure --prefix=/usr -G -O3
make
make test
make install
cd ..
rm -rfv bc-5.2.2

Flex-2.6.4

tar xvf flex-2.6.4.tar.gz
cd flex-2.6.4
./configure --prefix=/usr --docdir=/usr/share/doc/flex-2.6.4 --disable-static
make
make check
make install
ln -sv flex /usr/bin/lex
cd ..
rm -rfv flex-2.6.4

Tcl-8.6.12

tar xvf tcl8.6.12-src.tar.gz
cd tcl8.6.12
tar -xf ../tcl8.6.12-html.tar.gz --strip-components=1
SRCDIR=$(pwd)
cd unix

./configure --prefix=/usr           \
            --mandir=/usr/share/man \
            $([ "$(uname -m)" = x86_64 ] && echo --enable-64bit)

make

sed -e "s|$SRCDIR/unix|/usr/lib|" \
    -e "s|$SRCDIR|/usr/include|"  \
    -i tclConfig.sh

sed -e "s|$SRCDIR/unix/pkgs/tdbc1.1.3|/usr/lib/tdbc1.1.3|" \
    -e "s|$SRCDIR/pkgs/tdbc1.1.3/generic|/usr/include|"    \
    -e "s|$SRCDIR/pkgs/tdbc1.1.3/library|/usr/lib/tcl8.6|" \
    -e "s|$SRCDIR/pkgs/tdbc1.1.3|/usr/include|"            \
    -i pkgs/tdbc1.1.3/tdbcConfig.sh

sed -e "s|$SRCDIR/unix/pkgs/itcl4.2.2|/usr/lib/itcl4.2.2|" \
    -e "s|$SRCDIR/pkgs/itcl4.2.2/generic|/usr/include|"    \
    -e "s|$SRCDIR/pkgs/itcl4.2.2|/usr/include|"            \
    -i pkgs/itcl4.2.2/itclConfig.sh

unset SRCDIR
make test
make install
chmod -v u+w /usr/lib/libtcl8.6.so
make install-private-headers
ln -sfv tclsh8.6 /usr/bin/tclsh
mv /usr/share/man/man3/{Thread,Tcl_Thread}.3
mkdir -v -p /usr/share/doc/tcl-8.6.12
cp -v -r ../html/* /usr/share/doc/tcl-8.6.12
cd ../..
rm -rfv tcl8.6.12

Expect-5.45.4

tar xvf expect5.45.4.tar.gz
cd expect5.45.4

./configure --prefix=/usr           \
            --with-tcl=/usr/lib     \
            --enable-shared         \
            --mandir=/usr/share/man \
            --with-tclinclude=/usr/include

make
make test
make install
ln -svf expect5.45.4/libexpect5.45.4.so /usr/lib
cd ..
rm -rfv expect5.45.4

DejaGNU-1.6.3

tar xvf dejegun-1.6.3.tar.gz
cd dejegun-1.6.3
mkdir -v build
cd build
../configure --prefix=/usr
makeinfo --html --no-split -o doc/dejagnu.html ../doc/dejagnu.texi
makeinfo --plaintext -o doc/dejagnu.txt ../doc/dejagnu.texi
make install
install -v -dm755 /usr/share/doc/dejagnu-1.6.3
install -v -m644 doc/dejagnu.{html,txt} /usr/share/doc/dejagnu-1.6.3
make check
cd ../..
rm -rf dejegun-1.6.3

Binutils-2.38

tar xvf binutils-2.38.tar.gz
cd binutils-2.38
expect -c "spawn ls"

spawn ls

다른 메시지가 나오면 원본 문서를 참조하십시오.

patch -Np1 -i ../binutils-2.38-lto_fix-1.patch

sed -e '/R_386_TLS_LE /i \   || (TYPE) == R_386_TLS_IE \\' \
    -i ./bfd/elfxx-x86.h

mkdir -v build
cd build

../configure --prefix=/usr       \
             --enable-gold       \
             --enable-ld=default \
             --enable-plugins    \
             --enable-shared     \
             --disable-werror    \
             --enable-64-bit-bfd \
             --with-system-zlib

make tooldir=/usr
make -k check

이 과정을 반드시 실행하세요!!

make tooldir=/usr install
rm -fv /usr/lib/lib{bfd,ctf,ctf-nobfd,opcodes}.a
cd ../..
rm -rfv binutils-2.38

GMP-6.2.1

tar xvf gmp-6.2.1.tar.gz
cd gmp-6.2.1

./configure --prefix=/usr    \
            --enable-cxx     \
            --disable-static \
            --docdir=/usr/share/doc/gmp-6.2.1

make
make html
make check 2>&1 | tee gmp-check-log

이 과정은 반드시 수행하십시오. 결과를 확인하시고 메시지에 따라 새롭게 빌드해야 할 수 있습니다. 원본 문서를 참조하십시오

awk '/# PASS:/{total+=$3} ; END{print total}' gmp-check-log

197 숫자가 다르면 원본 문서를 참조하십시오

make install
make install-html
cd ..
rm -rfv gmp-6.2.1

MPFR-4.1.0

tar xvf mpfr-4.1.0.tar.xz
cd mpfr-4.1.0

./configure --prefix=/usr        \
            --disable-static     \
            --enable-thread-safe \
            --docdir=/usr/share/doc/mpfr-4.1.0

make
make html
make check

이 과정을 반드시 수행하십시오

make install
make install-html
cd ..
rm -rfv mpfr-4.1.0

MPC-1.2.1

tar xvf mpc-1.2.1.tar.gz
cd mpc-1.2.1

./configure --prefix=/usr    \
            --disable-static \
            --docdir=/usr/share/doc/mpc-1.2.1

make
make html
make check
make install
make install-html
cd ..
rm -rfv mpc-1.2.1

Attr-2.5.1

tar xvf attr-2.5.1.tar.gz
cd attr-2.5.1

./configure --prefix=/usr     \
            --disable-static  \
            --sysconfdir=/etc \
            --docdir=/usr/share/doc/attr-2.5.1

make
make check
make install
cd ..
rm -rfv attr-2.5.1

Acl-2.3.1

tar xvf acl-2.3.1.tar.gz
cd acl-2.3.1

./configure --prefix=/usr         \
            --disable-static      \
            --docdir=/usr/share/doc/acl-2.3.1

make
make install
cd ..
rm -rfv acl-2.3.1

Libcap-2.63

tar xvf libcap-2.63.tar.gz
cd libcap-2.63
sed -i '/install -m.*STA/d' libcap/Makefile
make prefix=/usr lib=lib
make test
make prefix=/usr lib=lib install
cd ..
rm -rfv libcap-2.63

Shadow-4.11.1

tar xvf shadow-4.11.1.tar.gz
cd shadow-4.11.1
sed -i 's/groups$(EXEEXT) //' src/Makefile.in
find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/groups\.1 / /' {} \;
find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/getspnam\.3 / /' {} \;
find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/passwd\.5 / /' {} \;

sed -e 's:#ENCRYPT_METHOD DES:ENCRYPT_METHOD SHA512:' \
    -e 's:/var/spool/mail:/var/mail:'                 \
    -e '/PATH=/{s@/sbin:@@;s@/bin:@@}'                \
    -i etc/login.defs

touch /usr/bin/passwd

./configure --sysconfdir=/etc \
            --disable-static  \
            --with-group-name-max-length=32

make
make exec_prefix=/usr install
make -C man install-man

Configuring Shadow

pwconv
grpconv
mkdir -p /etc/default
useradd -D --gid 999
sed -i '/MAIL/s/yes/no/' /etc/default/useradd

Setting the root password

passwd root

admin

cd ..
rm -rfv shadow-4.11.1

GCC-11.2.0

tar xvf gcc-11.2.0.tar.gz
cd gcc-11.2.0

sed -e '/static.*SIGSTKSZ/d' \
    -e 's/return kAltStackSize/return SIGSTKSZ * 4/' \
    -i libsanitizer/sanitizer_common/sanitizer_posix_libcdep.cpp

case $(uname -m) in
  x86_64)
    sed -e '/m64=/s/lib64/lib/' \
        -i.orig gcc/config/i386/t-linux64
  ;;
esac

mkdir -v build
cd build

../configure --prefix=/usr            \
             LD=ld                    \
             --enable-languages=c,c++ \
             --disable-multilib       \
             --disable-bootstrap      \
             --with-system-zlib

make

아래 과정은 시간 소모적이지만 반드시 수행하십시오.

ulimit -s 32768
chown -Rv tester .
su tester -c "PATH=$PATH make -k check"
../contrib/test_summary

또는

../contrib/test_summary | grep -A7 Summ

분석기와 관련된 8 개의 테스트가 실패할 것입니다.

make install
rm -rf /usr/lib/gcc/$(gcc -dumpmachine)/11.2.0/include-fixed/bits/
chown -v -R root:root /usr/lib/gcc/*linux-gnu/11.2.0/include{,-fixed}
ln -svr /usr/bin/cpp /usr/lib
ln -sfv ../../libexec/gcc/$(gcc -dumpmachine)/11.2.0/liblto_plugin.so /usr/lib/bfd-plugins/
echo 'int main(){}' > dummy.c
cc dummy.c -v -Wl,--verbose &> dummy.log
readelf -l a.out | grep ': /lib'

[Requesting program interpreter: /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2] 다른 출력일 경우에 원본 문서를 참조하십시오

grep -o '/usr/lib.*/crt[1in].*succeeded' dummy.log

/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/11.2.0/../../../../lib/crt1.o succeeded
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/11.2.0/../../../../lib/crti.o succeeded
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/11.2.0/../../../../lib/crtn.o succeeded

다른 출력일 경우에 원본 문서를 참조하십시오

grep -B4 '^ /usr/include' dummy.log

#include <...> search starts here:
 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/11.2.0/include
 /usr/local/include
 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/11.2.0/include-fixed
 /usr/include

다른 출력일 경우에 원본 문서를 참조하십시오

grep 'SEARCH.*/usr/lib' dummy.log |sed 's|; |\n|g'

SEARCH_DIR("/usr/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/lib64")
SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib64")
SEARCH_DIR("/lib64")
SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib64")
SEARCH_DIR("/usr/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/lib")
SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib")
SEARCH_DIR("/lib")
SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib");

다른 출력일 경우에 원본 문서를 참조하십시오

grep "/lib.*/libc.so.6 " dummy.log

attempt to open /usr/lib/libc.so.6 succeeded

다른 출력일 경우에 원본 문서를 참조하십시오

grep found dummy.log

found ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 at /usr/lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2

다른 출력일 경우에 원본 문서를 참조하십시오

rm -v dummy.c a.out dummy.log
mkdir -pv /usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib
mv -v /usr/lib/*gdb.py /usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib
cd ../..
rm -rfv gcc-11.2.0

Pkg-config-0.29.2

tar xvf pkg-config-0.29.2.tar.gz
cd pkg-config-0.29.2

./configure --prefix=/usr              \
            --with-internal-glib       \
            --disable-host-tool        \
            --docdir=/usr/share/doc/pkg-config-0.29.2

make
make check
make install
cd ..
rm -rfv pkg-config-0.29.2

Ncurses-6.3

tar xvf ncurses-6.3.tar.gz
cd ncurses-6.3

./configure --prefix=/usr           \
            --mandir=/usr/share/man \
            --with-shared           \
            --without-debug         \
            --without-normal        \
            --enable-pc-files       \
            --enable-widec          \
            --with-pkg-config-libdir=/usr/lib/pkgconfig

make
make DESTDIR=$PWD/dest install
install -vm755 dest/usr/lib/libncursesw.so.6.3 /usr/lib
rm -v dest/usr/lib/{libncursesw.so.6.3,libncurses++w.a}
cp -av dest/* /

for lib in ncurses form panel menu ; do
    rm -vf                    /usr/lib/lib${lib}.so
    echo "INPUT(-l${lib}w)" > /usr/lib/lib${lib}.so
    ln -sfv ${lib}w.pc        /usr/lib/pkgconfig/${lib}.pc
done

rm -vf /usr/lib/libcursesw.so
echo "INPUT(-lncursesw)" > /usr/lib/libcursesw.so
ln -sfv libncurses.so /usr/lib/libcurses.so
mkdir -pv /usr/share/doc/ncurses-6.3
cp -v -R doc/* /usr/share/doc/ncurses-6.3

데비안에 파일이 존재해서 다음 추가적인 컴파일도 수행.

make distclean

./configure --prefix=/usr    \
            --with-shared    \
            --without-normal \
            --without-debug  \
            --without-cxx-binding \
            --with-abi-version=5

make sources libs
cp -av lib/lib*.so.5* /usr/lib
cd ..
rm -rfv ncurses-6.3

Sed-4.8

tar xvf sed-4.8.tar.gz
cd sed-4.8
./configure --prefix=/usr
make
make html
chown -Rv tester .
su tester -c "PATH=$PATH make check"
make install
install -d -m755 /usr/share/doc/sed-4.8
install -m644 doc/sed.html /usr/share/doc/sed-4.8
cd ..
rm -rf sed-4.8

Psmisc-23.4

tar xvf psmisc-23.4.tar.gz
cd psmisc-23.4
./configure --prefix=/usr
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rfv psmisc-23.4

Gettext-0.21

tar xvf gettext-0.21.tar.gz
cd gettext-0.21
./configure --prefix=/usr --disable-static --docdir=/usr/share/doc/gettext-0.21
make
make check
make install
chmod -v 0755 /usr/lib/preloadable_libintl.so

Bison-3.8.2

tar xvf bison-3.8.2.tar.gz
cd bison-3.8.2
./configure --prefix=/usr --docdir=/usr/share/doc/bison-3.8.2
make
make check
make install

Grep-3.7

tar xvf grep-3.7.tar.gz
cd grep-3.7
./configure --prefix=/usr
make
make check
make install

Bash-5.1.16

tar xvf bash-5.1.16.tar.gz
cd bash-5.1.16

./configure --prefix=/usr                      \
            --docdir=/usr/share/doc/bash-5.1.16 \
            --without-bash-malloc              \
            --with-installed-readline

make
chown -Rv tester .

su -s /usr/bin/expect tester << EOF
set timeout -1
spawn make tests
expect eof
lassign [wait] _ _ _ value
exit $value
EOF

make install
exec /usr/bin/bash --login

Libtool-2.4.6

tar xvf libtool-2.4.6.tar.gz
cd libtool-2.4.6
./configure --prefix=/usr
make
make check
make install
rm -fv /usr/lib/libltdl.a

GDBM-1.23

tar xvf gdbm-1.23.tar.gz
cd gdbm-1.23
./configure --prefix=/usr --disable-static --enable-libgdbm-compat
make
make check
make install

Gperf-3.1

tar xvf gperf-3.1.tar.gz
cd gperf-3.1
./configure --prefix=/usr --docdir=/usr/share/doc/gperf-3.1
make
make -j1 check
make install

Expat-2.4.6

tar xvf expat-2.4.6.tar.gz
cd expat-2.4.6
./configure --prefix=/usr --disable-static --docdir=/usr/share/doc/expat-2.4.6
make
make check
make install
install -v -m644 doc/*.{html,css} /usr/share/doc/expat-2.4.6

Inetutils-2.2

tar xvf inetutils-2.2.tar.gz
cd inetutils-2.2

./configure --prefix=/usr        \
            --bindir=/usr/bin    \
            --localstatedir=/var \
            --disable-logger     \
            --disable-whois      \
            --disable-rcp        \
            --disable-rexec      \
            --disable-rlogin     \
            --disable-rsh        \
            --disable-servers

make
make check
make install
mv -v /usr/{,s}bin/ifconfig

Less-590

tar xvf less-590.tar.gz
cd less-590
./configure --prefix=/usr --sysconfdir=/etc
make
make install

Perl-5.34.0

tar xvf perl-5.34.0.tar.gz
cd perl-5.34.0
patch -Np1 -i ../perl-5.34.0-upstream_fixes-1.patch
export BUILD_ZLIB=False
export BUILD_BZIP2=0

sh Configure -des                                         \
             -Dprefix=/usr                                \
             -Dvendorprefix=/usr                          \
             -Dprivlib=/usr/lib/perl5/5.34/core_perl      \
             -Darchlib=/usr/lib/perl5/5.34/core_perl      \
             -Dsitelib=/usr/lib/perl5/5.34/site_perl      \
             -Dsitearch=/usr/lib/perl5/5.34/site_perl     \
             -Dvendorlib=/usr/lib/perl5/5.34/vendor_perl  \
             -Dvendorarch=/usr/lib/perl5/5.34/vendor_perl \
             -Dman1dir=/usr/share/man/man1                \
             -Dman3dir=/usr/share/man/man3                \
             -Dpager="/usr/bin/less -isR"                 \
             -Duseshrplib                                 \
             -Dusethreads

make
make test
make install
unset BUILD_ZLIB BUILD_BZIP2

XML::Parser-2.46

tar XML-Parser-2.46.tar.gz
cd XML-Parser-2.46
perl Makefile.PL
make
make test
make install

Intltool-0.51.0

tar xvf intltool-0.51.0.tar.gz
cd intl-0.51.0
sed -i 's:\\\${:\\\$\\{:' intltool-update.in
./configure --prefix=/usr
make
make check
make install
install -v -Dm644 doc/I18N-HOWTO /usr/share/doc/intltool-0.51.0/I18N-HOWTO

Autoconf-2.71

tar xvf autoconf-2.71.tar.gz
cd autoconf-2.71
./configure --prefix=/usr
make
make check
make install

Automake-1.16.5

tar xvf automake-1.16.5.tar.gz
cd automake-1.16.5
./configure --prefix=/usr --docdir=/usr/share/doc/automake-1.16.5
make
make -j4 check
make install

OpenSSL-3.0.1

tar xvf openssl-3.0.1.tar.gz
cd openssl-3.0.1

./config --prefix=/usr         \
         --openssldir=/etc/ssl \
         --libdir=lib          \
         shared                \
         zlib-dynamic

make
make test
sed -i '/INSTALL_LIBS/s/libcrypto.a libssl.a//' Makefile
make MANSUFFIX=ssl install
mv -v /usr/share/doc/openssl /usr/share/doc/openssl-3.0.1
cp -vfr doc/* /usr/share/doc/openssl-3.0.1

Kmod-29

./configure --prefix=/usr          \
            --sysconfdir=/etc      \
            --with-openssl         \
            --with-xz              \
            --with-zstd            \
            --with-zlib

make
make install

for target in depmod insmod modinfo modprobe rmmod; do
  ln -sfv ../bin/kmod /usr/sbin/$target
done

ln -sfv kmod /usr/bin/lsmod

Libelf from Elfutils-0.186

tar xvf elfutils-0.186.tar.bz2
cd elfutils-0.186
./configure --prefix=/usr --disable-debuginfod --enable-libdebuginfod=dummy
make
make check
make -C libelf install
install -vm644 config/libelf.pc /usr/lib/pkgconfig
rm /usr/lib/libelf.a

Libffi-3.4.2

./configure --prefix=/usr          \
            --disable-static       \
            --with-gcc-arch=native \
            --disable-exec-static-tramp

make
make check
make install

Python-3.10.2

./configure --prefix=/usr        \
            --enable-shared      \
            --with-system-expat  \
            --with-system-ffi    \
            --with-ensurepip=yes \
            --enable-optimizations

make
make install
install -v -dm755 /usr/share/doc/python-3.10.2/html

tar --strip-components=1  \
    --no-same-owner       \
    --no-same-permissions \
    -C /usr/share/doc/python-3.10.2/html \
    -xvf ../python-3.10.2-docs-html.tar.bz2

Ninja-1.10.2

export NINJAJOBS=4

sed -i '/int Guess/a \
  int   j = 0;\
  char* jobs = getenv( "NINJAJOBS" );\
  if ( jobs != NULL ) j = atoi( jobs );\
  if ( j > 0 ) return j;\
' src/ninja.cc

python3 configure.py --bootstrap
./ninja ninja_test
./ninja_test --gtest_filter=-SubprocessTest.SetWithLots
install -vm755 ninja /usr/bin/
install -vDm644 misc/bash-completion /usr/share/bash-completion/completions/ninja
install -vDm644 misc/zsh-completion /usr/share/zsh/site-functions/_ninja

Meson-0.61.1

python3 setup.py build
python3 setup.py install --root=dest
cp -rv dest/* /
install -vDm644 data/shell-completions/bash/meson /usr/share/bash-completion/completions/meson
install -vDm644 data/shell-completions/zsh/_meson /usr/share/zsh/site-functions/_meson

Coreutils-9.0

patch -Np1 -i ../coreutils-9.0-i18n-1.patch
patch -Np1 -i ../coreutils-9.0-chmod_fix-1.patch
autoreconf -fiv

FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 ./configure \
            --prefix=/usr            \
            --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime

make
make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=tester check-root
echo "dummy:x:102:tester" >> /etc/group
chown -Rv tester .
su tester -c "PATH=$PATH make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"
sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group
make install
mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
mv -v /usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
sed -i 's/"1"/"8"/' /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8

Check-0.15.2

./configure --prefix=/usr --disable-static
make
make check
make docdir=/usr/share/doc/check-0.15.2 install

Diffutils-3.8

./configure --prefix=/usr
make
make check
make install

Gawk-5.1.1

sed -i 's/extras//' Makefile.in
./configure --prefix=/usr
make
make check
make install
mkdir -pv /usr/share/doc/gawk-5.1.1
cp -v doc/{awkforai.txt,*.{eps,pdf,jpg}} /usr/share/doc/gawk-5.1.1

Findutils-4.9.0

case $(uname -m) in
    i?86)   TIME_T_32_BIT_OK=yes ./configure --prefix=/usr --localstatedir=/var/lib/locate ;;
    x86_64) ./configure --prefix=/usr --localstatedir=/var/lib/locate ;;
esac

make
chown -Rv tester .
su tester -c "PATH=$PATH make check"
make install

Groff-1.22.4

cat /etc/papersize

PAGE=A4 ./configure --prefix=/usr
make -j1
make install

GRUB-2.06

./configure --prefix=/usr          \
            --sysconfdir=/etc      \
            --disable-efiemu       \
            --disable-werror

make
make install
mv -v /etc/bash_completion.d/grub /usr/share/bash-completion/completions

Gzip-1.11

./configure --prefix=/usr
make
make check
make install

IPRoute2-5.16.0

sed -i /ARPD/d Makefile
rm -fv man/man8/arpd.8
make
make SBINDIR=/usr/sbin install
mkdir -pv /usr/share/doc/iproute2-5.16.0
cp -v COPYING README* /usr/share/doc/iproute2-5.16.0

Kbd-2.4.0

patch -Np1 -i ../kbd-2.4.0-backspace-1.patch
sed -i '/RESIZECONS_PROGS=/s/yes/no/' configure
sed -i 's/resizecons.8 //' docs/man/man8/Makefile.in
./configure --prefix=/usr --disable-vlock
make
make check
make install
mkdir -pv /usr/share/doc/kbd-2.4.0
cp -R -v docs/doc/* /usr/share/doc/kbd-2.4.0

Libpipeline-1.5.5

./configure --prefix=/usr
make
make check
make install

Make-4.3

./configure --prefix=/usr
make
make check
make install

Patch-2.7.6

./configure --prefix=/usr
make
make check
make install

Tar-1.34

FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 ./configure --prefix=/usr
make
make check
make install
make -C doc install-html docdir=/usr/share/doc/tar-1.34

Texinfo-6.8

./configure --prefix=/usr
sed -e 's/__attribute_nonnull__/__nonnull/' -i gnulib/lib/malloc/dynarray-skeleton.c
make
make check
make install
make TEXMF=/usr/share/texmf install-tex

pushd /usr/share/info
  rm -v dir
  for f in *
    do install-info $f dir 2>/dev/null
  done
popd

Vim-8.2.4383

echo '#define SYS_VIMRC_FILE "/etc/vimrc"' >> src/feature.h
./configure --prefix=/usr
make
chown -Rv tester .
su tester -c "LANG=en_US.UTF-8 make -j1 test" &> vim-test.log
make install
ln -sv vim /usr/bin/vi

for L in  /usr/share/man/{,*/}man1/vim.1; do
    ln -sv vim.1 $(dirname $L)/vi.1
done

ln -sv ../vim/vim82/doc /usr/share/doc/vim-8.2.4383

Configuring Vim

cat > /etc/vimrc << "EOF"
" Begin /etc/vimrc

" Ensure defaults are set before customizing settings, not after
source $VIMRUNTIME/defaults.vim
let skip_defaults_vim=1

set nocompatible
set backspace=2
set mouse=
syntax on
if (&term == "xterm") || (&term == "putty")
  set background=dark
endif

" End /etc/vimrc
EOF

Eudev-3.2.11

./configure --prefix=/usr           \
            --bindir=/usr/sbin      \
            --sysconfdir=/etc       \
            --enable-manpages       \
            --disable-static

make
mkdir -pv /usr/lib/udev/rules.d
mkdir -pv /etc/udev/rules.d
make check
make install
tar -xvf ../udev-lfs-20171102.tar.xz
make -f udev-lfs-20171102/Makefile.lfs install
udevadm hwdb --update

Man-DB-2.10.1

./configure --prefix=/usr                         \
            --docdir=/usr/share/doc/man-db-2.10.1 \
            --sysconfdir=/etc                     \
            --disable-setuid                      \
            --enable-cache-owner=bin              \
            --with-browser=/usr/bin/lynx          \
            --with-vgrind=/usr/bin/vgrind         \
            --with-grap=/usr/bin/grap             \
            --with-systemdtmpfilesdir=            \
            --with-systemdsystemunitdir=

make
make check
make install

Procps-ng-3.3.17

./configure --prefix=/usr                            \
            --docdir=/usr/share/doc/procps-ng-3.3.17 \
            --disable-static                         \
            --disable-kill

make
make check
make install

Util-linux-2.37.4

./configure ADJTIME_PATH=/var/lib/hwclock/adjtime   \
            --bindir=/usr/bin    \
            --libdir=/usr/lib    \
            --sbindir=/usr/sbin  \
            --docdir=/usr/share/doc/util-linux-2.37.4 \
            --disable-chfn-chsh  \
            --disable-login      \
            --disable-nologin    \
            --disable-su         \
            --disable-setpriv    \
            --disable-runuser    \
            --disable-pylibmount \
            --disable-static     \
            --without-python     \
            --without-systemd    \
            --without-systemdsystemunitdir

make
rm tests/ts/lsns/ioctl_ns
chown -Rv tester .
su tester -c "make -k check"
make install

E2fsprogs-1.46.5

mkdir -v build
cd build

../configure --prefix=/usr           \
             --sysconfdir=/etc       \
             --enable-elf-shlibs     \
             --disable-libblkid      \
             --disable-libuuid       \
             --disable-uuidd         \
             --disable-fsck

make
make check
make install
rm -fv /usr/lib/{libcom_err,libe2p,libext2fs,libss}.a
gunzip -v /usr/share/info/libext2fs.info.gz
install-info --dir-file=/usr/share/info/dir /usr/share/info/libext2fs.info
makeinfo -o doc/com_err.info ../lib/et/com_err.texinfo
install -v -m644 doc/com_err.info /usr/share/info
install-info --dir-file=/usr/share/info/dir /usr/share/info/com_err.info

Sysklogd-1.5.1

sed -i '/Error loading kernel symbols/{n;n;d}' ksym_mod.c
sed -i 's/union wait/int/' syslogd.c
make
make BINDIR=/sbin install

Sysvint-3.01

patch -Np1 -i ../sysvinit-3.01-consolidated-1.patch
make
make install

Stripping

데비안 bash와 파일 크기가 상당히 달라서, 이 과정을 수행해 보고자 합니다.

BACKUP-before-stripping 아래 명령은 root 권한으로 이루어지기 때문에 주의가 필요합니다. 환경 변수를 반드시 확인하고, 설정되어 있지 않으면, export로 환경 변수를 설정하십시오:

exit
echo $LFS
umount $LFS/dev/pts
umount $LFS/{sys,proc,run,dev}
echo $HOME

/root

cd $LFS
tar -cJpf $HOME/lfs-temp-tools-11.1-systemd-before-stripping.tar.xz .

Mount & Chroot

mount -v --bind /dev $LFS/dev
mount -v --bind /dev/pts $LFS/dev/pts
mount -vt proc proc $LFS/proc
mount -vt sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys
mount -vt tmpfs tmpfs $LFS/run

if [ -h $LFS/dev/shm ]; then
  mkdir -pv $LFS/$(readlink $LFS/dev/shm)
fi

chroot "$LFS" /usr/bin/env -i   \
   HOME=/root                  \
   TERM="$TERM"                \
   PS1='(lfs chroot) \u:\w\$ ' \
   PATH=/usr/bin:/usr/sbin     \
   /bin/bash --login

Stripping

save_usrlib="$(cd /usr/lib; ls ld-linux*)
             libc.so.6
             libthread_db.so.1
             libquadmath.so.0.0.0
             libstdc++.so.6.0.29
             libitm.so.1.0.0
             libatomic.so.1.2.0"

cd /usr/lib

for LIB in $save_usrlib; do
    objcopy --only-keep-debug $LIB $LIB.dbg
    cp $LIB /tmp/$LIB
    strip --strip-unneeded /tmp/$LIB
    objcopy --add-gnu-debuglink=$LIB.dbg /tmp/$LIB
    install -vm755 /tmp/$LIB /usr/lib
    rm /tmp/$LIB
done

online_usrbin="bash find strip"
online_usrlib="libbfd-2.38.so
               libhistory.so.8.1
               libncursesw.so.6.3
               libm.so.6
               libreadline.so.8.1
               libz.so.1.2.11
               $(cd /usr/lib; find libnss*.so* -type f)"

for BIN in $online_usrbin; do
    cp /usr/bin/$BIN /tmp/$BIN
    strip --strip-unneeded /tmp/$BIN
    install -vm755 /tmp/$BIN /usr/bin
    rm /tmp/$BIN
done

for LIB in $online_usrlib; do
    cp /usr/lib/$LIB /tmp/$LIB
    strip --strip-unneeded /tmp/$LIB
    install -vm755 /tmp/$LIB /usr/lib
    rm /tmp/$LIB
done

for i in $(find /usr/lib -type f -name \*.so* ! -name \*dbg) \
         $(find /usr/lib -type f -name \*.a)                 \
         $(find /usr/{bin,sbin,libexec} -type f); do
    case "$online_usrbin $online_usrlib $save_usrlib" in
        *$(basename $i)* )
            ;;
        * ) strip --strip-unneeded $i
            ;;
    esac
done

unset BIN LIB save_usrlib online_usrbin online_usrlib

Cleaning Up

rm -rf /tmp/*
find /usr/lib /usr/libexec -name \*.la -delete
find /usr -depth -name $(uname -m)-lfs-linux-gnu\* | xargs rm -rf
userdel -r tester

System Configuration

LFS-Bootscripts-20210608

make install

General Network Configuration

cd /etc/sysconfig/

cat > ifconfig.eth0 << "EOF"
ONBOOT=yes
IFACE=eth0
SERVICE=ipv4-static
IP=192.168.122.246
GATEWAY=192.168.122.1
PREFIX=24
BROADCAST=192.168.122.255
EOF

호스트의 정보를 그대로 활용해서 만들었습니다. Creating the /etc/resolv.conf File

cat > /etc/resolv.conf << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/resolv.conf

nameserver 192.168.122.1
nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 8.8.4.4

# End /etc/resolv.conf
EOF

Configuring the system hostname

echo "Dawoum-lfs" > /etc/hostname

Customizing the /etc/hosts File

cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
127.0.1.1 Dawoum-lfs
::1       localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
ff02::1   ip6-allnodes
ff02::2   ip6-allrouters

# End /etc/hosts
EOF

System V Bootscript Usage and Configuration

Configuring Sysvinit

cat > /etc/inittab << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/inittab

id:3:initdefault:

si::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc S

l0:0:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 0
l1:S1:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 1
l2:2:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 2
l3:3:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 3
l4:4:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 4
l5:5:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 5
l6:6:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 6

ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now

su:S016:once:/sbin/sulogin

1:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty --noclear tty1 9600
2:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty2 9600
3:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty3 9600
4:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty4 9600
5:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty5 9600
6:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty6 9600

# End /etc/inittab
EOF

Configuring the System Clock

cat > /etc/sysconfig/clock << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/sysconfig/clock

UTC=0

# Set this to any options you might need to give to hwclock,
# such as machine hardware clock type for Alphas.
CLOCKPARAMS=

# End /etc/sysconfig/clock
EOF

Configuring the Linux Console

cat > /etc/sysconfig/console << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/sysconfig/console
KEYMAP="us"

# End /etc/sysconfig/console
EOF

The Bash Shell Startup Files

cat > /etc/profile << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/profile

export LANG=en_US.UTF-8

# End /etc/profile
EOF

Creating the /etc/inputrc File

cat > /etc/inputrc << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/inputrc
# Modified by Chris Lynn <roryo@roryo.dynup.net>

# Allow the command prompt to wrap to the next line
set horizontal-scroll-mode Off

# Enable 8bit input
set meta-flag On
set input-meta On

# Turns off 8th bit stripping
set convert-meta Off

# Keep the 8th bit for display
set output-meta On

# none, visible or audible
set bell-style none

# All of the following map the escape sequence of the value
# contained in the 1st argument to the readline specific functions
"\eOd": backward-word
"\eOc": forward-word

# for linux console
"\e[1~": beginning-of-line
"\e[4~": end-of-line
"\e[5~": beginning-of-history
"\e[6~": end-of-history
"\e[3~": delete-char
"\e[2~": quoted-insert

# for xterm
"\eOH": beginning-of-line
"\eOF": end-of-line

# for Konsole
"\e[H": beginning-of-line
"\e[F": end-of-line

# End /etc/inputrc
EOF

Creating the /etc/shells File

cat > /etc/shells << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/shells

/bin/sh
/bin/bash

# End /etc/shells
EOF

Making the LFS System Bootable

Creating the /etc/fstab File

다음 명령을 내려서 마운트된 디바이스를 확인합니다:

mount

cat > /etc/fstab << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/fstab

# file system  mount-point  type     options             dump  fsck
#                                                              order

/dev/vdb2     /             ext4     defaults            0     1
/dev/vdb3     swap          swap     pri=1               0     0
proc           /proc        proc     nosuid,noexec,nodev 0     0
sysfs          /sys         sysfs    nosuid,noexec,nodev 0     0
devpts         /dev/pts     devpts   gid=5,mode=620      0     0
tmpfs          /run         tmpfs    defaults            0     0
devtmpfs       /dev         devtmpfs mode=0755,nosuid    0     0

# End /etc/fstab
EOF

Linux-5.19.3

커널 소스에서 최신 커널을 받아서, /mnt/lfs/sources/로 복사합니다:
cd /sources/
tar xvf linux-5.16.9.tar.gz
cd linux-5.16.9
make clean
make mproper
make menuconfig

문서에서 제공하는 설정을 따르고, VIRTIO_BLK=y, VIRTIO_NET=y로 바꿉니다.

time make -j12

14분 정도 걸립니다:

make modules_install

이전과 다르게 많은 모듈이 설치됩니다:

cp -iv arch/x86/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-5.19.3
cp -iv System.map /boot/System.map-5.19.3
cp -iv .config /boot/config-5.19.3

Configuring Linux Module Load Order

install -v -m755 -d /etc/modprobe.d

cat > /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf

install ohci_hcd /sbin/modprobe ehci_hcd ; /sbin/modprobe -i ohci_hcd ; true
install uhci_hcd /sbin/modprobe ehci_hcd ; /sbin/modprobe -i uhci_hcd ; true

# End /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf
EOF

Using GRUB to Set Up the Boot Process

grub-install /dev/vdb

cat > /boot/grub/grub.cfg << "EOF"
# Begin /boot/grub/grub.cfg
set default=0
set timeout=5

insmod ext2
set root=(hd0,2)

menuentry "GNU/Linux, Linux 5.19.3" {
        linux   /boot/vmlinuz-5.19.3 root=/dev/vdb2 ro
}
EOF

The End

Os information

echo 11.1 > /etc/lfs-release

cat > /etc/lsb-release << "EOF"
DISTRIB_ID="Linux From Scratch"
DISTRIB_RELEASE="11.1"
DISTRIB_CODENAME="DawoumLFS"
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Linux From Scratch"
EOF

cat > /etc/os-release << "EOF"
NAME="Linux From Scratch"
VERSION="11.1"
ID=lfs
PRETTY_NAME="Linux From Scratch 11.1"
VERSION_CODENAME="DowoumLFS"
EOF

Rebooting the System

exit
umount -v $LFS/dev/pts
umount -v $LFS/dev
umount -v $LFS/run
umount -v $LFS/proc
umount -v $LFS/sys
umount -v $LFS
exit

Troubleshootings

커널 컴파일 kernel/kheaders_data.tar.xz에서 오류 발생할 수 있으며, IKHEADERS를 제거하십시오. 부팅 문제 커널 컴파일 문제로 확인되었습니다. 커널은 5.19.3 버전을 사용했고, 이미 갖고 있는 설정을 그대로 사용했습니다. 단지, make clean을 수행했고, VIRTIO_BLK=y, VIRTIO_NET=y로 바꾸었습니다. 네트워크 (Systemd) Name=enp1s0와 같이 적어야 하며, Name=/dev/enp1s0와 같이 적어서는 안 됩니다.

Information

두 버전 (Sysvinit, Systemd) 모두 이제 정상적으로 부팅이 됩니다 이전에 부팅 관련 오류는 커널 컴파일에 문제가 있었습니다. 구축 시간 작업 시간은 코어 4개로 24시간 이상 걸릴 것으로 보입니다. 전체 크기 System V init 후의 정보입니다:

du /mnt/lfs : 5482588
du /mnt/lfs/sources : 4440676

Systemd 후의 정보입니다:

du /mnt/lfs : 6271232
du /mnt/lfs/sources : 4820416

Check or test 프로그램 컴파일 후에 check 또는 test가 있지만, 안 해도 될 것으로 보입니다.